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Oww, my gum is swollen again; I really hope my dentist can get to the bottom of this.
There’s research being done on past living standards that yield some interesting results:
According to the 2014 publication of the Maddison project, the UK had like 1.7-2x the per capita income of Germany or France in the late 1800s, but the gap between it and Germany had diminished by the early 20th century. Germany and France would overtake the UK in the decades after WWII, with Britain becoming rather poor for being an early industrializer in Western Europe. The UK began to recover in the very last decades of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, overtaking France.
Italy had an abnormally high GDP per capital before its late industrial takeoff; it actually had a higher per capita income than the US in 1850 before becoming quite poor for being a major power in Western Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Italy again had a resurgence post WWII with its per capita GDP surpassing many countries people today think of as richer than Italy like France, the Netherlands and the UK, before falling to some of the worst stagnations possible by the 1990s.
There’s other stories like the sudden rise of some East Asian economies post WWII with a few going from third world to first world in a sungle generation and Argentina/Venezuela, but there’s too much to list. The values for the pre 1900 era is probably a ballpark estimate at best. Also [link](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_by_past_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita). If you’re interested in more recent research, there’s a study posted in 2020, but it’s in the form of a hard to read excel sheet.