In the case of Warsaw (and probably any other city in Poland):
Men: Ukrainians doing odd jobs (mostly in construction), Ukrainians and Georgians working as taxi drivers, South Asians and Africans delivering food on mopeds/bikes, Southeast Asians and Turks/Middle Easterners selling fast food (Asian and kebabs, respectively), Chinese running variety stores.
Women: Ukrainians working as cleaners, Southeast Asians helping run the aforementioned fast food joints and Chinese doing the same in variety stores.
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Very few immigrants work in Ukraine, because it is a poor country, and considering that we have a war, there are very few immigrants. The situation in Lviv is as follows: 1) Turks work in a company engaged in road construction; 2) Arabs work as taxi drivers; 3) Poles work at my university. But you have to be very lucky to meet an immigrant, usually it’s a foreign students or tourists. In the current realities, probably the most immigrants work in the armed forces of Ukraine, because we have a legion of foreign volunteers and if you want, you can get citizenship after the service, if I am not mistaken.
Italy:
* Ukrainians and russians (Belarusians, Croats, Serbs, Polish, Georgians, Armenians all count as Ukrainian or russian) working in nursing homes or more commonly, nursing at home
* Africans working in the fields
* Chinese (all asians are Chinese in Italy) working in general stores or tech repairs
* Romanians and Albanians working at chop shops
Besides thematic restaurants, Chinese people own pretty much all dollar stores and grocery shops – to the point the shops are called chinos, “Chinese”. Romanians are associated with construction work, and pretty much every nationality with delivery and ride hailing apps.
Argentinians are also known for psychoanalysis, coaching and other similar businesses. And people from sub Saharan Africa are usually exploited in seasonal work for agriculture.
Latin American women usually take jobs taking care of the elder, children, or cleaning houses as well.
Traditionally they came from other ex yu countries and it was cleaning jobs for women and construction for men. Now most common are people from nepal or philipines. All tourism related jobs are unisex and girls. Men are on construction, but the most popular, often seen foreigners are wolt/glovo/other food delivery drivers. They zoom around knowing pretty much zero city layoit, traffic rules or any language except their own.
“Immigrant jobs” were never really a thing where I’m from in Croatia until very very recently. Everything was done by Croatians. You might have some restaurants where the waitstaff were Italian but I genuinely don’t ever remember there being people from somewhere else that do x class of job.
That really changed since covid. I’m seeing so many more Indian and South Asian immigrants who are doing jobs like janitorial work and working in supermarkets and all the food delivery drivers are from India. It’s really quite shocking to see because its happening so fast and nobody really knows why or how.
Well the last part isn’t entirely unknown. Croatia has one of the highest rates of expat work. We send something like 1 in 5 of us (mostly men) to other parts of Europe for work which leaves a huge hole in the labor force.
Cześć, in my case (Sweden) most of Polish women work as cleaners and Polish men as construction.
And this isn’t even stereotypical – if you look at any “Polacy w Szwecji” type of group you will see that most of job ads look for cleaning women and construction working men. Even people that come here looking for job often advertise themselves as “Hey I’m a woman/man looking for job with cleaning/construction”.
Can’t say about other nations as I have no clue.
Since 2004 it’s mostly been Eastern Europeans (particularly Poles and Lithuanians, but nowadays increasingly Romanians and Bulgarians) doing all sorts of menial jobs, particularly in customer service (especially waiting), agricultural labour and, more stereotypically, handyman-type jobs (plumbers, builders etc). The “Polish plumber” trope arose during this time.
https://reddit.com/r/antiwork/s/s3WlEII4LS
Before 2004 many of those kinds of jobs would have been done by Irish people.
Corner shops are also stereotypically run by people of [South Asian descent](https://youtu.be/sLDRgcQ1-OE?si=DsiUGe0WCze2RT1v&t=40s).
Strangely enough, there used to be a lot of people from Australia or NZ working as hairdressers or babysitters – mostly young people who use London as a base to travel around Europe.
Poles are known to take on these typical “handyman” jobs that often involve indoor construction. Flooring, plastering, painting, those kinds of things. Often paid under the table. Polish license plates are not at all uncommon to see.
In Czechia:
Vietnamese – Owning small independent stores. Sometimes, there may even be a Czech cashier employed by the Vietnamese proprietor.
Slovakian – Mostly skilled educated jobs, as Slovaks usually come to study university and then stay once they get their degrees
Ukrainians – construction (men), cleaning (women)
Italians – Buying up historic buildings, letting them rot until the preservation authorities consent to demolition, then buildings new developments on the prime land
Africans – Promoting river cruises and Irish pubs in Prague’s streets
Finland seems to be a quite different scene from the rest:
Construction is Estonian for the private citizens and something like Poles or eastern europeans for companies (contractor of a contractor of a contractor)
Food delivery, taxis and bus drivers middle eastern or African as usual.
Nurses Filipino
Housekeeping Filipino and for commercial a mix of everything.
Berry picking (sometimes borderline slavery, sadly), Thai and Ukrainian, atleast before the war.
Romania:
Most construction workers come from Nepal, Vietnam and Sri Lanka.
A lot of South and South-East Asians in food delivery as well.
Restaurants and food stores from pretty much everywhere.
A seizable community of French and German students and/or Dentistry/Medicine graduates or debuting professionals. I’ve also met some in IT.
Many Eastern Europeans and Poles within construction, many Iranians within hospitals and health centers, many arabs within food delivery and many Somali taxi drivers and bus drivers. For the record, this is just based on my personal experiences.
There are a lot of Africans (mostly Nigerians, I think) in healthcare in Ireland, because it’s hard to get here from Nigeria unless you’re well qualified, and we have a shortage of doctors and nurses.
A lot of Brazilians are here as English-language students, and their visa allows them to work a certain maximum number of hours a week. (Often, they’re mostly here to work, and the English-language schooling is just an excuse. How well they keep to the terms of their visa is doubtful.) Many of them end up working for courier companies and jobs like Deliveroo, mostly in Dublin (that’s where the language schools are).
In Bratislava it’s similar, Bolt (something like Uber) drivers are usually Ukrainian, Georgian, Belarussian and I have met even one Russian. Nail saloons are stereotypically Vietnamese. Lot of Ukrainian women provide cleaning services. Kebab stands are run either by Middle Eastern people, Turks and descendants of Balkan refugees that came here in 90’s. The best Kebab in Bratislava is made by Afghani dude. In the past, Vietnamees used to run lot of cheap clothing stores, but not so much today.
Construction workers for men and cleaners for women. Typically Bosnians and Albanians. Also fast food joints and snack bars. Most kebab shops and many bakeries and ice cream shops are often run by Albanians as well. More recently (last 5 years) also food delivery drivers from all over the world, but still fairly limited to Ljubljana. They are starting to employ many foreigners as waiters too (Phillipines, India, Nepal etc.), especially now after Covid.
For here in Brussels, I’d say (based on personal observation):
Construction: Poles, Romanians, Portugese, and Ukrainians
Cleaning: Poles, Filipinos
Taxi drivers: Moroccans, Congolese
Delivery drivers: Moroccans
Convenience stores (night shops): Indians
Waiters/bar staff: Italians, Greeks, Irish
Consultants: British
Civil servants: Sizeable amount from every EU country
Any heavy duty or handyman job is considered a “typical immigrant job” in Greece. This either includes from harvesting Olives, building or fixing things around the house.
Most immigrants are Albanians, Pakistanis, Indians and people from Africa.
As a new entry, we have many Asians (Golden Visas)
Argentinians: Dentists, psychologists.
Chinese: general stores, restaurants.
Eastern Europeans (Moldovans, Poles, Romanians, Ukrainians, ex-Yugo): construction, trucking, bartending/waiting.
Indians: restaurants, hairdressers.
North Africans (Algerians, Moroccans): construction, fields, nursing.
Pakistani: grocery stores, kebab, tech stores, phone/internet (like an internet cafe without the cafe, mostly for other immigrants).
Russians: construction (the poor), real estate (the mob).
South Americans (Ecuadorians, Peruvians): construction, fields, nursing, cleaning.
Subsaharan Africans (Nigerians, Senegalese): fields, nursing.
Well basically every low level, ungrateful job, construction, warehouses, big stores, cleaning, elderly care, Uber and food delivery. Also convenience stores despite them not knowing the language.
There are quite a lot of immigrants from Ukraine working in healthcare, our doctors seek better opportunities in western Europe so we import doctors from where we can.
Of note is that “chinese” and “japanese” restaurants are mainly run by people from Vietnam and people from Pakistan run turkish kebabs and indian restaurants.
I work in IT so while of course there are a lot of people from Russia and Ukraine and there are also other. Back when I worked corporate our local IT was mainly people from India that the company brought over. There are quite a few people from western countries (France, UK, Germany) that moved here because of lower cost of living with same salary (once you’re high enough there’s very little difference in pay). But I also worked with people from Greece, Portugal, Spain that moved here in search of better pay and opportunities. And quite a lot of people from Brazil.
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Aside from that I used to live close to music academy and medical university, a lot of east asian students that just came for education that would return home after they’re finished.
Vietnamese – independent grocery stores all around cities.
(women sometimes do nails)
Chinese – restaurants
Ukrainians/Russians – odd jobs like construction etc.
Slovaks – basically the same like us really I’ve seen them in various positions.
Unlicensed trade jobs like tree removal and landscaping, for men. Women, really many types of jobs in the service industry. Illegal immigrants are a different story, however. Where I live, it’s usually something like an under the table cook job near or in our one port city.
In Norway it is mostlly the same as in Finland and Sweden pointed out by others but a local difference is the people that comes from Sweden to work. Swedes are not considerate immigrants per see but most of them work as nurses, doctors and the younger people that are coming mainly work in the fishing industry.
Estonia:
Construction – ukranians, russians
Cleaning – ukranians, russians
Food delivery, taxis – ukranians, georgians, albanians, people from -stans and people from african countries
Caregivers in hospitals – russians
Agriculture – ukranians
Waitering – russians
IT – all over the world..but mostly from different Asian countries.
People from ex-yugoslavian countries are cleaners (although I did notice a trend that locals started taking the occasional gigs and student jobs), construction and finishing workers, lorry drivers. To a smaller degree you will get cashiers, waiters (this is particularly annoying as they sometimes start working before their Slovene is passable), beauty industry, and delivery services.
Romanians come for seasonal jobs in farming, like picking fruit or hops. This is a little controversial as they are often paid next to nothing apart from getting accommodation and food for their stay, but those that come are supposedly happy and come multiple years in a row rather than going to Italy.
Estonia
Women – South Asian, East Asians and South East asians mostly working in restaurants, shops and retail.
Men – South Asian men mostly working as taxi drivers or delivery guys or retail shop owners or retail workers
In the UK; South Asians and Africans driving Ubers and delivering food. Filipino nurses and housekeepers. Black guys working door security at clubs and luxury stores. South Asian guys working supermarket security. Poles do plumbing and electrics. Romanians do construction. Italians all seem to be waiters.
Americans, French, Germans etc working in banking and insurance.
Typical immigrant jobs are the same as anywhere else. Low-skilled construction workers, cleaners, delivery couriers, taxi drivers, sellers in grocery stores and markets. It’s mostly people from Central Asian countries like Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. And Azerbaijanis have basically monopolized food markets. Immigrants from Ukraine and Belarus are working the same jobs as locals.
Cleaners are from everywhere. Construction workers are Portuguese and Albanian. Tamils work in ethno food shops or run the minibar on the train. Eastern Europeans work on farms during harvest season. All the cheap barbers for men are Kurds and Levantines or Iranians. The Vietnamese have restaurants. Taxi drivers are a bit of everything. Germans are doctors and managers.
There is not many immigrants in my region overall.
Construction – only people I met there doing manual labor besides Slovak people were Polish people. But this was at well paid place(construction of Nuclear power plant).
Factor workers – usually Ukrainian, sometimes Serbian and more rarely Romanian.
Ukrainians also work as bus drivers here.
Vietnamese people usually run restaurants known as Panda here. They also have shops selling mainly clothes and shoes, often called “Chinese supermarket”.
The only widespread stereotype is Portuguese working in construction.
Many other jobs are primarily held by foreigners but they are more often than not bordercrossers. They mostly come from Belgium and France with some from Germany. They occupy almost all service branches. From nurses to cashiers and everything in-between.
Here in rural Scotland you see a wide variety of Eastern and Central European migrants. Used to be that Polish, Czech and Slovak workers would be in the fields and work as tradesmen, now it’s mainly Romanians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians. The ‘older’ generation immigrants have integrated in society. Not uncommon at all to meet people of Polish or Czech descent who have their own business or in professional roles.
I think this one is a bit more local than just the Netherlands as a whole, but immigrant jobs are often associated with working in greenhouses or farm fields.
Like picking strawberries and tomatoes.
In general, you can find immigrants in pretty much all types of work, so different parts of the Netherlands likely have different associations.